B.E_ Vol. XXII, and a part of
the _Upasakadasa Sutra_ by R. Hoernle in the _Bibl. Ind._ In the
estimates of the age of the _A[.n]ga_ I follow H. Jacobi, who has
throughly discussed the question _S.B.E._ Vol. XXII, pp.
xxxix-xlvii.] The Digambaras, on the other hand, have preserved nothing of
the _A[.n]ga_ but the names. They put in their place later systematic
works, also in Prakrit, and assert, in vindication of their different
teaching, that the canon of their rivals is corrupted. In the further
course of history, however, both branches of the Jainas have, like the
Buddhists, in their continual battles with the Brahma[n.]s, found it
necessary to make themselves acquainted with the ancient language of the
culture of the latter. First the Digambara and later the ['S]vetambara
began to use Sanskrit. They did not rest content with explaining their
own teaching in Sanskrit works: they turned also to the secular sciences
of the Brahma[n.]s. They have accomplished so much of importance, in
grammar, in astronomy, as well as in some branches of letters, that they
have won respect even from their enemies, and some of their works are
still of importance to European science. In southern India, where they
worked among the Dravi[d.]ian tribes, they also advanced the development
of these languages. The Kanarese literary language and the Tamil and
Telugu rest on the foundations laid by the Jaina monks.
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