Thus, concerning
the oath not to hurt, on which the Jaina lays the greatest emphasis: it
includes not only the intentional killing or hurting of living beings,
plants, or the souls existing in dead matter, it requires also the utmost
carefulness in the whole manner of life, in all movements, a watchfulness
over all functions of the body by which anything living might be hurt.
[Footnote: The Digambara sect, at least in southern India, do not seem to
be all quite so punctiliously careful in this as the ['S]vetambara of
western India.--Ed.] It demands finally strict watch over the heart and
tongue, and the avoidance of all thoughts and words which might lead to
dispute and quarrel and thereby to harm. In like manner the rule of
sacrifice means not only that the ascetic has no house or possessions, it
teaches also that a complete unconcern toward agreeable and disagreeable
impressions is necessary, as also the sacrifice of every attachment to
anything living or dead. [Footnote: On the five great vows see the
_Achara[.n]ga Sutra_, II, 15: _S.B.E_. Vol. XXII, pp. 202-210.
The Sanskrit terms of the Jains are: 1. _ahi[.m]sa_, 2.
_sunrita_, 3. _asteya_, 4. _brahmacharya_, 5.
_aparigraha_; those of the Brahmanical ascetics: 1. _ahi[.m]sa_,
2. _satya_, 3. _asteya_, 4. _brahmacharya_,
5. _tyaga_.]
Beside the conscientious observance of these rules, Tapas--Asceticism, is
most important for the right walk of those, who strive to attain
_Nirva[n.
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