TERTIARY OR CAINOZOIC PERIOD.
CHAPTER XIII.
PLIOCENE PERIOD.
Glacial Formations of Pliocene Age.
Bridlington Beds.
Glacial Drifts of Ireland.
Drift of Norfolk Cliffs.
Cromer Forest-bed.
Aldeby and Chillesford Beds.
Norwich Crag.
Older Pliocene Strata.
Red Crag of Suffolk.
Coprolitic Bed of Red Crag.
White or Coralline Crag.
Relative Age, Origin, and Climate of the Crag Deposits.
Antwerp Crag.
Newer Pliocene Strata of Sicily.
Newer Pliocene Strata of the Upper Val d'Arno.
Older Pliocene of Italy.
Subapennine Strata.
Older Pliocene Flora of Italy.
It will be seen in the description given in the last chapter of the Post-
pliocene formations of the British Isles that they comprise a large proportion
of those commonly termed glacial, characterised by shells which, although
referable to living species, usually indicate a colder climate than that now
belonging to the latitudes where they occur fossil. But in parts of England,
more especially in Yorkshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk, there are superficial
formations of clay with glaciated boulders, and of sand and pebbles, containing
occasional, though rare, patches of shells, in which the marine fauna begins to
depart from that now inhabiting the neighbouring sea, and comprises some species
of mollusca not yet known as living, as well as extinct varieties of others,
entitling us to class them as Newer Pliocene, although belonging to the close of
that period and chronologically on the verge of the later or Post-pliocene
epoch.
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